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Fentanyl-Related Deaths in Ontario, Canada: Toxicological Findings and Circumstances of Death in 112 Cases (2002–2004)Technical Note: Recovery of Drugs of Abuse from the Immunalysis Quantisal™ Oral Fluid Collection Device
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Technical Note: Caffeine Content of Decaffeinated CoffeeIssue Date: October 2006Volume Number: 30 Issue Number: 8 Page Numbers: 611-613 Authors: Rachel R. McCusker, Brian Fuehrlein, Bruce A. Goldberger, Mark S. Gold, and Edward J. Cone |
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Rachel R. McCusker1, Brian Fuehrlein2, Bruce A. Goldberger1,3, Mark S. Gold3, and Edward J. Cone4 1Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida and 4ConeChem Research, LLC, 441 Fairtree Drive, Severna Park, Maryland 21146 Caffeine is the most widely consumed drug in the world with coffee representing a major source of intake. Despite widespread availability, various medical conditions necessitate caffeine-restricted diets. Patients on certain prescription medications are advised to discontinue caffeine intake. Such admonition has implications for certain psychiatric patients because of pharmacokinetic interactions between caffeine and certain anti-anxiety drugs. In an effort to abstain from caffeine, patients may substitute decaffeinated for caffeinated coffee. However, decaffeinated beverages are known to contain caffeine in varying amounts. The present study determined the caffeine content in a variety of decaffeinated coffee drinks. In phase 1 of the study, 10 decaffeinated samples were collected from different coffee establishments. In phase 2 of the study, Starbucks® espresso decaffeinated (N = 6) and Starbucks brewed decaffeinated coffee (N = 6) samples were collected from the same outlet to evaluate variability of caffeine content of the same drink. The 10 decaffeinated coffee samples from different outlets contained caffeine in the range of 0–13.9 mg/16-oz serving. The caffeine content for the Starbucks espresso and the Starbucks brewed samples collected from the same outlet were 3.0–15.8 mg/shot and 12.0–13.4 mg/16-oz serving, respectively. Patients vulnerable to caffeine effects should be advised that caffeine may be present in coffees purported to be decaffeinated. Further research is warranted on the potential deleterious effects of consumption of “decaffeinated” coffee that contains caffeine on caffeine-restricted patients. Additionally, further exploration is merited for the possible physical dependence potential of low doses of caffeine such as those concentrations found in decaffeinated coffee. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, October 2006, Volume 30, Number 8, pages 611-613. |
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