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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 32, Number 6, July/August,
pp.433-437
TECHNICAL NOTE:
Evaluation of Four Immunoassay Screening Kits for the Detection
of Benzodiazepines in Urine
Rebecca T. DeRienz, Justin M. Holler, Megan E. Manos,
John Jemionek, and Marilyn R. Past
Division of Forensic Toxicology, The Armed Forces Medical Examiner
System, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rockville, Maryland
20850
The identification of benzodiazepines (BZD) in
biological fluids can be a challenging process. The large number
of various BZD in pharmaceutical distribution, with similar core
structures, and individual metabolic profiles all contribute
to a complicated and time-consuming analysis. The purpose of
the current study was to evaluate the performance of four commercially
available immunoassay urine screening kits for use in a forensic
urine analysis testing program. The four kits included the Roche
Benzodiazepine Plus KIMS assay, Microgenics CEDIA® Benzodiazepine
assay, Microgenics CEDIA high sensitivity assay with β-glucuronidase,
and Microgenics DRI® reagent ready Benzodiazepine assay.
Each kit was evaluated for linearity, precision, accuracy, carryover,
reagent specificity, and confirmation rates. BZD reagent specificity
was compared by analysis of 55 structurally dissimilar compounds
to BZD. Negative responses to all 55 compounds were elicited
by all four reagent assays. Cross-reactivity for the assays was
demonstrated by detecting 27 structurally similar BZD. In addition,
greater than 10,000 randomly collected urine samples were screened
at a 200 ng/mL cutoff for each assay. Positive samples were confirmed
by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using a panel of
13 BZD confirmation standards. The Microgenics CEDIA high sensitivity
assay demonstrated the highest positive screening rate as well
as the highest confirmation rate of the four assays.
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