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Published:
Journal of Analytical Toxicology,
ISSN 0146-4760,
Volume 32, Number 6, July/August,
pp.393-401
Drug Testing
in Oral Fluid— Evaluation of Sample Collection Devices
Kaarina Langel, Charlotta Engblom, Anna Pehrsson, Teemu Gunnar,
Kari Ariniemi, and Pirjo Lillsunde
National Public Health Institute, Drug Research Unit, Mannerheimintie
166, Helsinki 00300, Finland
Nine different oral fluid (OF) collection devices
were studied to evaluate their suitability for collecting samples
for drug analysis. The devices were Greiner Bio-One, Orasure
Intercept®, Immunalysis Quantisal™, StatSure Saliva·Sampler™,
Cozart®, Sarstedt Salivette®, Malvern Medical OraCol,
Acro Biotech Salicule, and Varian OraTube™. For comparison,
OF was also collected into plastic tubes. The volume of collected
OF was quantified for samples collected both in vitro and from
volunteers. Drug recovery was studied by collecting OF fortified
at 1000 ng/mL with amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,
cocaine, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, morphine,
codeine, diazepam, and alprazolam with the devices in vitro and
analyzing the samples with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Recovery of ethanol was measured from 0.2% in OF by headspace
gas chromatography–flame-ionization
detection. The stability of drugs in the samples was studied
by analyzing the samples after 0, 14, and 28 days storage. The
study shows that there are substantial differences between the
OF collection devices on the market. Some are well suited for
collecting samples for toxicological analysis, but some give
quite poor results.
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